Twisted Pair UTP, FTP, Cat 5e/6/6a: Which Cable to Choose
2026-04-16 8 min readITNET
cableutpftpethernetinfrastructure
What Numbers Mean
A 305m roll labeled "LW Cat6 FTP outdoor 305M":
- LW — manufacturer
- Cat6 — category (max speed)
- FTP — foiled shielding
- outdoor — UV/armored sheath
- 305M — standard roll length
Categories — Real Performance
| Category | Speed | Distance | When to Buy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cat 5e | 1 Gbps | 100m | Basic office, home | |
| Cat 6 | 1 Gbps / 10G short | 100m / 55m | Modern office | |
| Cat 6a | 10 Gbps | 100m | DC, long 10G runs | |
| Cat 7 | Marketing | — | Not needed | |
| Cat 8 | 25-40 Gbps | 30m | DC short links |
UTP vs FTP
- UTP — unshielded, cheaper, fine for 90% cases
- FTP — foiled, anti-interference
- STP/SFTP — per-pair shielding, rarely needed
Use FTP when:
- Cable runs alongside power lines (within 30cm parallel)
- Industrial/electrically noisy environments
- Long external runs between buildings
Standard office? UTP is enough.
Indoor vs Outdoor
- Indoor — PVC sheath, grey
- Outdoor — PE with UV protection, black, anti-rodent armor
- Outdoor with messenger — between buildings
How Many Meters
- Office workstation — 15-20m
- Between WiFi APs — 10-30m
- Office → server room — actual length + 5-10m
305m roll covers 12-18 workstations.
Real Cables in Uzbekistan
| Use | Cable | Price (305m) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Budget indoor | LW Cat6 UTP indoor | ~2M UZS | |
| Standard indoor | LW Cat6 FTP indoor | ~2.5M | |
| Between buildings | LW Cat6 FTP outdoor | ~3M | |
| Cheap 1Gbps | Andijan Cat 5e FTP | ~1.5M |
Common Mistakes
- Cat 7 "for the future." Cat 6a covers everything; Cat 7 = overpay.
- UTP in noisy environments. Will drop packets near 380V.
- Indoor cable outside. Saved 500k, lose 5M redoing it.
- No crimp tool/connectors. Useless cable without RJ45 + crimper (180k).
- Cuts too short. Leave 1-2m slack each end.
Bottom Line
- Home / small office (≤8 ws): Cat 5e FTP indoor
- Office 10+ ws: Cat 6 FTP indoor
- Between buildings: Cat 6 FTP outdoor
- DC / 10G: Cat 6a UTP/FTP